Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essay Example

Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care Essay Communication is a way of creating an understanding with an individual or within a group, it is important that you have good communication skills when working with others in order to follow and obey instructions clearly and correctly without any misunderstanding. Communication in health and social care settings is used daily, for example teachers communicate with pupils, parents and work collies, In this health and social care environment it is important that commination is clear from both the teacher and parent in order to hold a fluent conversation that maintains eye contact, teachers will need to communicate with parents to discuss their child/children’s school work or issues that may need to be addressed in more detail. For example family problems that may affect the quality of a child’s school work, if communication is not effective it may cause confusion and problems could accrue if the message is not summarised. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Effective Communication in Health and social Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are two different ways of communicating which are verbal and non-verbal; Verbal communication involves talking to present ideas, thoughts and feelings, good verbal communication is the ability to both explain and present your ideas clearly through the spoken word. The tone and paste of voice is also very important when talking as it can often show what mood an individual is in. For example if you talking to someone very loudly with a fixed tone the person you are speaking to will think you are angry with them, on the other hand if you speak calmly and quietly with a varying tone you will come across as being friendly. Non-verbal communication doesn’t involve any use of speech interaction, to communicate in a non verbal way would be writing, facial expressions, eye contact, listening, brail, makaton as well as through art and photographs. In health and social care the most common forms of communicating non verbally is sign language, brail and makaton. Sign language is a language which instead of using sounds uses visual signs that are made up of shapes, positions and movements of the hands, arms or body and facial expressions to express thoughts. Brail is a system of raised marks that is used through sense of touch, Brail allows people who have limited or no vision to read and write through their sense of touch. Makaton is the easiest way to communicate in health and social care settings as its both verbal and non-verbal, it is a method using speech as well as signs and symbols, Picture cards are used to relate facial expressions with the word to make the words more easily recognised by those with learning difficulties. With out speaking your posture still sends messages to others on how you are feeling this is called body language, for example slouching on a chair can show a lack of interest in what is going on in the environment around you, folded arms can suggest that you are feeling negative or defensive about a person or situation, this is also known as closed body language and people may hesitate on approaching you. How ever if you have good eye contact with the person who is talking, and nod when appropriate this shows that you are interested and that you are taking in the information that is being shared. Its very important in health and social care that you show you are listening and that you care, listening to people involves allot more than just hearing what they say, to listen effetely you need to hear the words/question being spoke, thinking what they mean, then thinking of a appropriate response, In a health and social care environment working with a individual that has learning difficulties/problems (such as speech problems) and you are not taking notice to what they are saying, the individual will get distressed and frustrated if they are not understood, which could also lead to low self esteem, this is called active listening. There will be times when communicating with others is not going to be easy, there are a verify of reasons that could effect communication, such as language differences, learning difficulties, environment, hearing or sight impairments, and jargon, however there are many possible ways to overcome these barriers to create a better understanding. A barrier blocks communication and stops messages from being received clearly, Language differences is a barrier as not everybody you meet throughout your life will speak the same first language as you. To overcome this you would need to use a lot of hand gestures, speak clearly, and paste your voice. Pictures could also be used to communicate. However in extreme situations the use of interpreters will make communication a lot clearer, for example in health and social care settings a patient may not understand what the doctor/nurse is trying to explain to them about their health. Environments IS also a common barrier as it is very head to hear what someone is saying if there is a lot of distracting background noise. It is also very difficult to make sense of individual’s facial expressions if the lighting in the room is poor. Also you may become distracted if someone walks past the door or window, in health and social care settings a school is a great example as pupils will be more interested in what is out of the window rather than focusing on what the teacher is saying.

A List of Typical Special Ed. Accommodations

A List of Typical Special Ed. Accommodations Individualized accommodations are put in place to help learners at risk and students with special needs to have success in their IEP or academic program. Typically, accommodations are listed in the students IEP. Here is a list of suggestions for accommodations for a variety of disabilities: Try cross  ability grouping. Create a group of typical peers who can support the student with the special education.  Provide photocopied notes (or a study guide) to eliminate the students with IEPs frustration and difficulty with hand-eye coordination, requiring copying from the board.  Make use of Graphic Organizers.Provide organization tips and meet with parents to show them how to use the strategies to support their students at home.Simplify and declutter.  If your classroom is cluttered, it creates distractions that create barriers to students success.  They find disorienting.  So, declutter and help students keep their work areas or desks organized.  Provide time management tips and skills. Sometimes it helps to have sticky notes on the students desk to remind the student of how much time they have to complete tasks.Tracking sheets. Provide a tracking sheet of agenda where students will write expected assignments for the week/day.Keep lessons concrete. Use visual and concrete materials as much as possible. Use assistive technology when available.Find students buddies and model for them how to support the student with disabilities without over functioning for the student.  Keep instructions and directions chunked. Provide one step at a time, dont overload the student on too many pieces of information at once.Color code items. For instance, put some red tape on a math textbook along with red tape on the math notebook. Color code items that help the child with organization tips and that provide information about what is needed.Make sure there are visual clues around the room to prompt appropriate behavior and academic activities.  Provide extra time for the processing of information.Larger size font is sometimes helpful.Provide auditory supports to limit the amount of text the student is required to read.  Give repetition and clarification regularly.Provide close proximity to the teacher.Seat the child away from distractions whenever possible. Think critically about seating arrangem ents.Provide reminders on the desk - taped 100s charts, number lines, vocabulary lists, word bank lists taped alphabets for printing or writing etc. Provide a study carrel or alternate place to work for specific tasks.Provide scribing or a peer for scribing when necessary or utilize the speech to text software applications.Give ongoing feedback.Pay close attention to lighting, sometimes preferential lighting can make a world of difference.Provide a chillax area, a quiet location to enable the student to chill out or relax.Provide headphones to remove extraneous noises.Let the child provide oral responses instead of written where appropriate to demonstrate an understanding of the concept.Provide time extensions as necessary. Be selective when determining the accommodations that will best help the student. If the accommodations dont work after a specified period of time, try something else. Remember, the IEP is a working document and its success will depend on how closely the contents are implemented, monitored and revised to meet the students needs.

Communication strategy for Audi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Communication strategy for Audi - Essay Example What is meant by this is application of the appropriate media and messages with the aim of communicating the information to the targeted UK market successfully. There are basic things that may be needed by customers from different places in the UK. Despite their needs their preferences and tastes of a product always vary from one customer to another. The explanation for the difference lies in geographic, culture and socioeconomic environments. These are state in which the goods are consumed. The sociological and location factors influence the consumer’s behavior and directly apply to communication. Audi has got many customers in UK market inclusive of billionaires, and others are aged below 30 years. The statistics have been pointed out specifically to show that customers in this market change. Studies done in the past have revealed that decision making, purchasing criteria and channels of communication are different with the younger customers than the generation of the past w ho got wealth in the post cultural revolution. Although the currently rich customers in their 50’s make major targets for Audi products, a marketer should be in a position to forecast future developments. The main purpose of this report is to establish the targeted customers, their ways of processing information, how they use their personal and mass communication and their attitude to Audi products. Discussion The significance of implication of good strategies in communication marketing strategies by Audi is essential. Effective communication to the targeted market will grow into a critical state. The behavior of a consumer can be narrowed down to how the customers process information, the process of making a decision and their culture (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). Due to the difference in consumers, there must be a difference in marketing communication. Marketing communication is a process of management whereby the consumers communicates with an organization. It incorporates p ersonal and mass communication at various levels of the process. Personal communication is communication in marketing on how information is relayed to a consumer by the sales person. In addition to that, it is concerned with how media information is interpreted. Mass communication is communication in the market on different means through which firms convey information via mass media directed towards a large portion of the population. Based on Audi, the main reason for this report is to help understand Audi’s behavior on the grounds of its purchase, which defines a perfect strategy in marketing communication. This report will be divided into five. These are the Audi market, behavior of the consumer, market differences, market communication and the findings which to recommendation. Audi brand Horch one of the starters of Audi is also a founder of the automotive industry in German. This firm was situated in Saxony which is town well known of technology. In 1989, this firmâ€℠¢s yearly sales exceeded 100 for the first moment. In 1909, due to the misunderstandings between the supervisor and the board, Horch resigned from this firm and instantly started another company. Horch being the initial firm’s name was changed to Audi which was a Latin word having the same meaning as Horch. The development of Audi as a brand cannot be separated from the hard work and operations of Horch. From the time Audi came into existence, Horch made his point of attraction, which is the production of high quality. As his firm’s appearance, technology and performance improved Audi also earned a name. In 1969, the Volkswagen group under Audi with the support of finance by the

Business or Transaction Cycle Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business or Transaction Cycle - Coursework Example Expenditure Cycle: The expenditure cycle is related to the gaining of premises, resources, or manufactured components and the use of labor to capitulate a finished product. Human Resources / Payroll Cycle: In a human resource cycle, there are 7 needs of a company. 1) Business needs 2) job competencies 3) the hiring process 4) Learning and development 5) performance assessment 6) continued learning and training 7) total rewards. Financing Cycle: In the financing cycle, the dependent industries are strongly affected by slump periods if situated in poor countries with poor financial facilities. General Ledger and Reporting Systems: General Ledger comprises all the fiscal accounts. Data Processing Cycles: It’s a sequence that consists of four stages and they’re as follows. 1) Collection 2) input 3) processing and storage 4) output. Source Documents: These are the original documents recorded with the bookkeeping entries. They can be either in written or printed form. Turnaround Documents: It is a document that is created by a computer to be used for the record entry. Once it has been generated by the computer, it is then filled in by the users and used to input the data back into the computer. Source data Automation: It’s a process of collecting the original data from their source. It eradicates the duplicate effort and the chance of possible error by gathering records in digital form. General Ledger: It comprises of all the fiscal accounts. Subsidiary Ledger: It shows the total balance of the general ledger account. Control Account: It shows the total of all amounts entered in the Subsidiary Ledger. Coding: The putting in order of replies into groups and the task of an exclusive arithmetical code to each reply proceeding to data entry. Sequence Code: It’s a three character code that identifies the order in which categories are shown or arranged. Block Code: It’s a fixed length code, unlike other codes.

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration Essay

Pros and Cons of Synchronous Collaboration - Essay Example It is manifested through online chat, virtual meetings, pep talks, or even in a team huddle. Because of the advancement of science and technology, synchronous collaboration has also improved the way it is being performed. As stated above, online chat and virtual meetings are just some of the newest forms of synchronous collaboration. Albeit, information technology has helped elevate our communicative lifestyle, there are still pros and cons or advantages and disadvantages of synchronous collaboration, especially, with the inclusion of information technology. Some of the key advantages are it hastens the communication process especially on situations when an immediate response is direly needed. Another key advantage is that it would promote a more spontaneous interaction between individuals. On the other hand, its key advantages are, first, it is not ubiquitous or is not present everywhere. The access on online chat and virtual meetings are available only to those who are located on highly developed societies and not all of us use it. Another key disadvantage is that it is not pliable. Seen this way, it is sometimes best to not communicate synchronously because it precludes us from thinking over a certain thing before we give out our

The Israeli Palestinian Conflict Politics Essay

The Israeli Palestinian Conflict Politics Essay After more than 50 years of war, terrorism, peace negotiation and human suffering, Israel and Palestine remain as far from a peaceful settlement as ever. The entire Middle Eastern region remains a cauldron waiting to reach the boiling point, a potent mixture of religious extremism, (Jewish, Christian and Islamic), mixed with oil and munitions. This paper is an attempt to trace the history of this age old conflict and analyse the viability of internationally suggested solutions. Owing to their history, going back at least 5000 years in time, the paper only throws light on the conflict, post 19th century. And this too, only a cursory overview of a timeline, rather than a detailed description. The paper also attempts to find the bones of contention between the two peoples, clearly laying out the issues and problems along with the need to resolve them. Finally, the paper analyses the two mainstream solutions suggested for resolution of this conflict, being the Two-State theory and the Bi-National State theory. IR theories of Realism and Liberalism are used to broadly analyse these two solutions applicability in the particular conflict. The practical difficulties in the existing political diaspora is highlighted to finally decide the viability. The limitations of the paper is that the complex issues involved do not give enough leeway to say decidedly that one solution is the right solution and the other, wrong. Also, though neutral tones have been imbibed throughout the paper, a humanistic tendency of bias towards the Palestinian cause seeps in, albeit subconsciously. Introduction The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the early 20th century. The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is also used in reference to the earlier phases of the same conflict, between the Zionist yishuv and the Arab population living in Palestine under Ottoman and then British rule. It forms part of the wider Arab-Israeli conflict. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements, Palestinian freedom of movement and finding a resolution to the refugee question. The violence resulting from the conflict has prompted international actions, as well as other security and human rights concerns, both within and between both sides, and internationally. In addition, the violence has curbed expansion of tourism in the region, which is full of historic and religious sites that are of interest to many people around the world. Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution, involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside an independent Jewish state or next to the State of Israel (after Israels establishment in 1948). In 2007 a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, preferred the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict. Moreover, a considerable majority of the Jewish public sees the Palestinians demand for an independent state as just, and thinks Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state. A majority of Palestinians and Israelis view the West Bank and Gaza Strip as an acceptable location of the hypothetical Palestinian state in a two-state solution. However, there are significant areas of disagreement over the shape of any final agreement and also regarding the level of credibility each side sees in the other in upholding basic commitments. Within Israeli and Palestinian society, the conflict generates a wide variety of views and opinions. This highlights the deep divisions which exist not only between Israelis and Palestinians, but also within each society. A hallmark of the conflict has been the level of violence witnessed for virtually its entire duration. Fighting has been conducted by regular armies, paramilitary groups, terror cells and individuals. Casualties have not been restricted to the military, with a large number of fatalities in civilian population on both sides. There are prominent international actors involved in the conflict. This paper details the history of the conflict, giving a purview through a timeline, rather than a detailed description. It also outlines the basic issues involved in the conflict and why their resolution is not cake walk. The two solutions proposed as a solution to the conflict is also analysed in depth, with reference to theoretical concepts of realism and liberalism in IR. The viability of these solutions are dealt with, in the current political scene, though with less insight into the actual political happenings. History of the conflict The origins of the Palestine problem as an international issue lie in events occurring towards the end of the First World War. These events led to a League of Nations decision to place Palestine under the administration of Great Britain as the Mandatory Power under the Mandates System adopted by the League. In principle, the Mandate was meant to be in the nature of a transitory phase until Palestine attained the status of a fully independent nation, a status provisionally recognized in the Leagues Covenant, but in fact the Mandates historical evolution did not result in the emergence of Palestine as an independent nation. The decision on the Mandate did not take into account the wishes of the people of Palestine, despite the Covenants requirements that the wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory. This assumed special significance because, almost five years before receiving the mandate from the League of Nations, the British Government had given commitments to the Zionist Organization regarding the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, for which Zionist leaders had pressed a claim of historical connection since their ancestors had lived in Palestine two thousand years earlier before dispersing in the Diaspora.  [1]  During the period of the Mandate, the Zionist Organization worked to secure the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. The indigenous people of Palestine, whose forefathers had inhabited the land for virtually the two preceding millennia  [2]  , felt this design to be a violation of their natural and inalienable rights. They also viewed it as an infringement of assurances of independence given by the Allied Powers to Arab leaders in return for their support during the war. The result was mounting resistance to the Mandate by Palestinian Arabs, followed by resort to violence by the Jewish community as the Second World War drew to a close. By 1947, largely through this massive immigration, the Jewish population reached a substantial 33% and owned about 6% of the land. Finally, in 1947 the United Nations decided to intervene. As per the Resolution 181  [3]  , the UN recommended giving away 55% of Palestine to a Jewish state despite the fact that this group represented only about 33% of the total population, and owned under 7% of the land. Jerusalem was to have been an international city shared by all peoples of the region. The Zionist movement embraced the plan whereas the Palestine (and other neighbouring Arab nations) saw the plan as extremely unfair and rejected it. This followed the first war which was to sow the seeds of future conflicts. The Arab League supported the Arab struggle by forming the volunteer based Arab Liberation Army, supporting the Palestinian Arab Army of the Holy War. On the Jewish side, the civil war was managed by the major underground militias the Haganah, Irgun and Lehi, strengthened by numerous Jewish veterans of World War II and foreign volunteers. By spring 1948, it was already clear that the Arab forces were nearing a total collapse, while Yishuv forces gained more and more territory, creating a large scale refugee problem of Palestinian Arabs.  [4]  Popular support to the Palestinian Arabs throughout the Arab world led to sporadic violence against Jewish communities of Middle East and North Africa, creating an opposite refugee wave. Following the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, the Arab League decided to intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The overall fighting, leading to around 15,000 casualties, resulted in cease fire and armistice agreements of 1949, with Israel holding much of the former Mandate territory, Jordan occupying and later annexing the West Bank and Egypt taking over the Gaza Strip, where the All-Palestine Government was declared by the Arab League on 22 September 1948. While the Jewish people were successful in creating their homeland, there was no Palestine and no internationalization of Jerusalem, either. In 1948 for example, Palestinians were driven out of the new Israel into refugee camps in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon and other regions. At least 750,000 people are said to have been driven out (or ethnically cleansed, as some have described it).  [5]  It should be noted that many Jews were also expelled from surrounding Arab countries. Zionist organizations and even some Arab nations also encouraged many Jews to immigrate to Israel. As with Palestinians, expelled Jews often had their land and/or bank accounts and other property seized. In 1956, Britain, France and Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal fearing the loss of a major economic trading route entry point for the West to the rest of the Middle East. While Egypt was defeated, international pressure forced the withdrawal of the invading forces.  [6]   In 1967, Israel simultaneously attacked Egypt, Syria and Jordan in a pre-emptive strike against the Arab troops along its borders. Israel captured key pieces of land, such as the strategic Golan Heights to the north on the border with Syria, to the West Bank from Jordan and the Gaza strip from Egypt. In fact, Israel more than doubled its size in the six days that this war took place. Since then, negotiations have been around returning land to pre-1967 states, as required by international law and UN resolutions. Even today, the Palestine Liberation Organisation calls for a two state solution based on the pre Six Day War borders. In 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel on the Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur to attempt to regain the land lost in the Six Day War, but failed. This confrontation is also known as the Yom Kippur War. In 1978, the Camp David accords were signed between Israel, Egypt and the US, and Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt in return for peace between them. To the US and Israel, this was a great achievement; Egypt was obviously not to be underestimated in its capabilities, so the best thing would be to ensure it is an ally, not an adversary. In 1978, due to rising Hezbollah attacks from South Lebanon, where many Palestinian refugees still were, Israel attacked and invaded Lebanon. In 1982, Israel went as far up Lebanon as Beirut, as bloody exchanges followed between Israeli attempts to bomb Yasser Arafats PLO locations, and Hezbollah retaliations. The infamous Shabra and Shatila massacre was carried out during this war. In 1985, Israel declared a strip of South Lebanon to be a Security Zone (not recognized by the UN). Many civilians were killed on both sides. Israeli forces were accused of massacres on many occasions. After 22 years, Israel withdrew in May 2000. One of the leading Israeli military personnel was the future Israel Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon. In the late 1980s came the Palestinian uprising-the Intifada. While there was much of a non-violence movement initially, the mainstream media concentrated on the violence. Young Palestinians confronted Israeli troops with nothing more than sling shots and stones. Thousands were killed by the Israeli military. Many suicide activists killed Israeli soldiers and caused other damage. Many innocent civilians were killed on both sides. 1993 saw the Oslo Peace Accord, whereby Israel recognized the PLO and gave them limited autonomy in return for peace and an end to Palestinian claims on Israeli territory. With the signing of the Oslo Declaration of Principles, the PLO denounced violence and recognised the UN Security Council Resolution 242, thereby recognising the right of Israel to exist. In 1994, Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip and Jericho, ending twenty seven years of occupation. They were replaced by a Palestinian police force. In April 1996, Israeli forces bombed Lebanon for 17 days, with Hezbollah retaliating by firing upon populated areas of Northern Israel. Israel also shelled a UN shelter killing about 100 out of 800 civilians sheltering there. The above merely gives a broad outline of the conflict, and a more comprehensive analysis of the underlying cause and various other issues couldnt be provided here due to the call of brevity. The Palestine Problem and the need for a Solution As the periodic bloodshed continues in the Middle East, the search for an equitable solution must come to grips with the root cause of the conflict. The conventional wisdom is that, even if both sides are at fault, the Palestinians are irrational terrorists who have no point of view worth listening to. Our position, however, is that the Palestinians have a real grievance: their homeland for over a thousand years was taken, without their consent and mostly by force, during the creation of the state of Israel. And all subsequent crimes on both sides inevitably follow from this original injustice. Whether it is the Deir Yassin massacre in which the Irgun and Lehi soldiers carried out the slaughter of innocent villagers including women and children, or whether it is the suicide bombings perpetrated on Israeli civilians and soldiers by Palestine based terrorist groups, both sides have used a previous occurrences as justifications for a fresh act of violence. After decades of bloodshed, there seems to be no right or wrong anymore. And misery hasnt ceased to exist for the innocent. The major issues that dominate the dialogues on the problem are: Refugees About 726,000 Palestinians were expelled or fled their homes in 1948 in the war that followed the creation of Israel, and additional Palestinians fled in 1967. There are now about 4 million Palestinian refugees. Many of them live in crowded refugee camps in poor conditions in the West Bank and Gaza, in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Palestinians demand that these refugees should have the right to return to their homes in Israel under UN General Assembly Resolution 194. Israelis note that an almost equal number of Jews fled Arab lands to Israel in 1948. Israelis oppose return of the refugees because that would create an Arab Palestinian majority and would put an end to Israel as a Jewish state. Most Palestinian groups, including the Fateh, agree, and openly proclaim that resolution of the refugee issue by granting right of return would mean the end of Israel. Israeli Settlements One of the major barriers to the creation of two contiguous, sovereign states for Palestinians and Israelis is the existence and continuing growth of illegal Israeli colonies (widely called settlements) on land long recognized by the United Nations as part of Palestine. Despite a repeated international condemnation, the population of these settlements, which currently number 121, has grown by an average of 5% annually since 2001. That compares to an average growth of just 1.8% for the population of Israel proper. Israel has repeatedly refused to dismantle these settlements in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights, and has repeatedly fudged and violated various moratoriums on new growth. Palestinian State Originally formed to regain all of Palestine for the Palestinian Arabs, the Palestine Liberation Organization signalled that it would accept a two state solution in 1988. The Oslo accords were supposed to have led to a peaceful resolution of the conflict, but continued Israeli settlement and Palestinian violence and incitement degenerated into open conflict in September 2000. Mainstream Palestinians demand a state in the West Bank and Gaza. Right wing Israelis are opposed to creating a state, because, they claim, it would be a base for terror groups. In final status negotiations, the Israeli government agreed to a demilitarized Palestinian state with limited control over its borders and resources a state minus. Palestinian terror Almost all Palestinian groups were founded with the declared aim of destroying Israel by violence, and had a history of terrorist activities. Only the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) has renounced this aim officially. In 1993, the PLO signed the Oslo Declaration of Principles, renouncing violence and agreeing to honour UN SC Resolution 242, which implicitly recognizes the right of Israel to exist. In return, Israel allowed the PLO to enter the West Bank and Gaza strip, and Palestinians gained autonomous control of most of the population of these areas. Extremist Palestinian groups that objected to the agreements began a campaign of ambushes and suicide bombings against Israel. The Palestine National Authority claimed they could not control the dissident groups. Final status negotiations faltered in September 2000. Israeli Repression Israel responded to Palestinian violence at the beginning of the Oslo process by limiting the flow of Palestinian workers to Israel to prevent infiltration of terrorists, and by strict checks at border checkpoints. The border closing drastically reduced the Palestinian standard of living. Palestinians who did come to work were often subjected to humiliating searches and very long waits at checkpoints. Following terror attacks at the checkpoints, nervous IDF (Israel Defense Forces) soldiers sometimes were too quick to open fire on suspicious vehicles, killing innocent civilians. Checkpoints around Jerusalem made it difficult for Palestinians to get to work in Jerusalem and to travel between Palestinian towns. The IDF has killed over 3,500 Palestinians  [7]  , demolished houses and uprooted olive groves. After a recent IDF study showed that the demolitions do not deter suicide bombings, demolitions of the houses of suicide bombers were discontinued, but houses are still demolished for other reasons. In addition to measures taken to ensure security, Israeli extremist settlers have harassed Palestinians, destroyed property, uprooted olive trees and killed several Palestinians in doubtful circumstances. The perpetrators are rarely identified and almost never prosecuted. Israeli Security The area of Israel within its pre-1967 armistice borders is slightly less than 8,000 square miles. The distance from Tel Aviv to the green line border of Israel (West Bank) is about 11 miles. Tel Aviv, Jerusalem and other Israeli cities are within artillery range of any Palestinian state. Israel therefore insists on guarantees that a Palestinian state would be demilitarized. The West Bank has enormous strategic importance to any country wishing to invade Israel. Israel therefore insists on guarantees that the Palestinian state would not allow a foreign army to enter its borders, and has insisted on bases within the West Bank. Water The land has always had a scarcity of water. The Israel National Water Carrier has made possible a high population density and standard of living.  [8]  The carrier pumps water from the Sea of Galilee and carries it to areas in the center and south of Israel as well as for Palestinian areas. In one day it delivers the volume of water used in all of 1948, but it is not enough.  [9]  The aquifers that supply Israels central area lie in the West Bank. The Jordan river flows through territory that would be part of Palestine. Both sides need water for survival and development and want to ensure an adequate water supply from the limited resources available. Israel has reserved for its own use a large percentage of the water in West Bank aquifers The Two State Solution The current solution for Israel and Palestine suggests that Palestinians ought to have their own state, separate from Israel. In this way a Two-State solution might be reached. The method by which such a solution could be implemented involves a technical division of land with walls, earth mounds, road blocks and fences. This chapter discusses the so-called practical limitations of a Two-State solution. Notably it questions whether a Palestinian State is a viable option. Israel and Palestine combined are no bigger than South Africas Western Cape Province and yet, for such a small amount of land, the Two-State solution seeks the establishment of a Palestinian state, separate from the current Israeli state. Palestine itself is not one land mass. It is currently divided into two territories named the West Bank and Gaza respectively. Gaza has a western coastline on the Mediterranean Sea and shares borders with Israel and Egypt. Gaza is a relatively small territory, merely 45 kilometres in length. The West Bank is landlocked, sharing borders with Israel and Jordan. Although the West Bank is marginally larger than Gaza, it is not easy to freely access the territory as it is surrounded by a 723km concrete wall, 6-9 metres high in most places. The wall has been built by Israel to separate Israel from the Palestinian West Bank. But the wall does not follow the internationally recognised border between Israel and the West Bank. Rather, it cuts into the West B ank annexing 13% of the territory for Israel. The wall is characteristic of Israels selfishness in claiming Palestinian land. Despite the low percentage of land annexed by the wall, this portion of land is, nonetheless, highly fertile and densely populated mostly by Palestinian farmers. The livelihood of these farmers depends on the productivity of their land. Palestinians whose land has been annexed by Israel live in a so-called seam zone between the internationally recognised Israeli-West Bank border and the wall. These Palestinians who live in the seam zone are known as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). By definition they are person who have been forced to flee their homes as a result of armed conflict, violence, violations of human rights or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised State border.  [10]  Palestinians whose land falls in the seam zone are only permitted access to their farmlands during designated hours with a required permit. If a viable Palestinian state is to be cre ated, the status of these IDPs has to be resolved, either by Israel offering financial compensation for appropriating Palestinian land, or by moving the wall and thereby allowing Palestinian landowners to return. Both of these solutions are technical in nature and are indicative of the so-called rational approach taken by Israeli policymakers. The vexing nature of how to divide Israel and Palestine comes without even discussing Jerusalem, a city which is contested by Israelis and Palestinians. Jerusalem is home to an estimated 250,000 Palestinians and 200,000 Jews. While Israel claims Jerusalem to be its official capital, the international community treats East Jerusalem as Palestinian territory held by Israel under military occupation. Also, the international community does not recognise Jerusalem as Israels capital, and the city hosts no foreign embassies. Palestinians seek to secure a portion of the city as the political capital of a Palestinian State. Israel is, however, unwilling to relinquish any part of Jerusalem for a Palestinian capital. So, the obstacles faced by policymakers favouring a Two-State solution are obstacles of control: which areas are to be controlled by Palestinians and which areas are to be controlled by Israelis. In other words, the question for those concerned with the Two-State solution is how to delineate land which can be controlled by the state. State control over territory is a central feature of the Two-State solution and. This kind of control is termed sovereignty. Policymakers seek to divide Israel and Palestine into two separate states so that each may exercise supreme authority over its territory, without interference from the other. The means by which mutual non-interference is achieved between states is through a principle of so-called recognition. The term itself requires further explanation, in its relevance to the teaching and practice of IR. For IR theorists, recognition is commonly used to describe how states acknowledge one another. The most fundamental aspect of inter-state recognition is respect for each states sovereignty. The Two-State solution hinges on Israelis and Palestinians recognising each other as sovereign entities and thereby not interfering with one anothers domestic affairs. To problematize the notion of interstate recognition it is useful to consider Hegels views. Discussing the relationship between two individuals, a Lord and a Bondsman, he says, Each sees the other, and therefore also does what it does only in so far as the other does the same. Action by one side only would be useless because what is to happen can only be brought about by bothà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ They recognize themselves as mutually recognizing one another.  [11]   There is a perception that Jewish sovereignty is under threat due to the low ratio of Jews to Arabs in the Middle-East. So, in order to protect the identity of this small Jewish population, Jews are insulated within their own sovereign state Israel. Non-Jews living within Israel are viewed as a threat. The protection of Jewish sovereignty would explain why there are limited employment opportunities for Arab workers in Israel and why Arabs receive different education to Jews. Despite the fact that they share territory, it is evident that Israelis and Palestinians believe themselves to be separate nations and thus deserving of separate sovereign states. So the Two-State solution is seen as the so-called rational end for Israelis and Palestinians. Today, the two-state solution is widely accepted among Israelis and Palestinians and around the world. Even elements of the Israeli right are now resigned to the establishment of a Palestinian state, although their conception of the nature of that state is not acceptable to Palestinians. On the Palestinian side, even elements of the Hamas leadership have hinted that they would go along with a two-state solution if negotiated by Fatah leaders and endorsed by the public, as long as they did not renounce their ideological principles. However, a strong view is that neither side would be able to agree to a division that yielded the Temple Mount to the other side. As an attempt to break the stalemate, U.S. President Bill Clinton proposed dividing sovereignty of the site vertically the ground and area below coming under Israeli sovereignty, while that above the ground (i.e. the Haram al-Sharif containing the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa Mosque) would be under Palestinian sovereignty. A similar idea was suggested for tunnels and elevated roads connecting communities. In the end neither side accepted the concept. The main point on which the two-state solution formula differs from those for an independent Palestinian state is that it calls for direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. To achieve a two-state solution, the negotiations must address and resolve a number of core issues, including the borders of the Palestinian state, the citizenship of the new Palestinian state, the status of Palestinian refugees outside the final borders, and the status of Arab citizens of present-day Israel, besides the future of East Jerusalem. The Two-State Solution: An analysis using IR theories Israelis and Palestinians are clearly interspersed, yet the Two-State solution seeks to divide them into sovereign states. We have seen that the idea of sovereignty underpins the Two-State solution based on the distinct nationalities of Israelis and Palestinians. Sovereignty also forms the core of two IR perspectives that are used in the discipline: Realism and Liberalism. This is not to say that that Realism and Liberalism are the only IR theories that can be used to explain the Two-State solution. Rather, Realism and Liberalism are two of the foundational theories. Therefore it is useful to discuss the Two-State solution from the perspective of Realism and Liberalism. First, let us analyse the Two-State solution through the prism of Realism, the school of thought which has been given the greatest primacy in IR. Realism Realists believe that there is no moral standard which dictates how states should behave toward one another. The lack of an overriding ethical code to structure interstate behaviour is known as so-called anarchy.  [12]  For Realists, power dictates how states interact with one another. Because power relations are central to a Realist understanding of the international arena, states are sceptical of trust. So, instead of trusting one another states choose their alliances based on one anothers strategic value in so-called self-interested behaviour. Selfishness means that interstate warfare is inevitable. In the Realist understanding, the international arena is brutal and the only way to deter actors from going to war is if the costs of doing so outweigh the benefits. So, Realists reduce human interests to strategies or games, advocating that actors constantly seek to maximize their utility through negotiations, trade-offs and alliances. Realist Theory reduces the Israeli-Palestinian bilateral relationship to a power squabble, as each side attempts to gain the ascendency. In these circumstances relations become a ping-pong match of provocation and conflict is inevitable. For example, a Palestinian suicide bombing in a Tel Aviv market might be reciprocated by an Israeli incursion into the bombers West Bank village. Even cumulative small actions by one side can lead to one large action from the other for example, when numerous Qassam rockets, fired into Israel by Palestinian militants, result in an Israeli military offensive. Presumably then, in the Realist understanding, peace is achieved when the costs of going to war outweigh the benefits of doing so. However, a cost-benefit analysis of going to war can

The French Revolution :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The year 1789 brought France the biggest period of change she had or would ever experience. During the next ten year period, now known as the French Revolution, saw the overturn of and murder of Louis XVI, a time of chaos and much bloodshed, and the establishment of a new government that would change France forever. Many aristocrats were murdered during the Reign of Terror, and many leaders of the revolution themselves were murdered as the people continued to revolt. A new constitution was written and then another immediately followed as the Declaration of the Rights Man was proclaimed throughout the land. This time period ended when Napoleon Bonaparte became the first consul of France. France Before the Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before the revolution, France was divided into three classes, or estates as they were called. The first two, the nobility and the clergy, received many privileges that the other classes did not. The third class was made up of merchants, professional people, the workers, and the peasants. This caused a major division between the classes and the third class was becoming very upset with the way they were being treated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this point in French history, the kings of France had believed that they were only responsible to God for the way they chose to rule. However, if they wanted to receive advice, they could ask a legislative body called the Estates General that contained representatives from all three classes. The problem was that the kings were not required to do this and had not done so since 1614.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The royal taxes were very heavy which drained all the money from the third class and was then used by the king to live luxuriously. The nobles also drained all of the money from their estates so that they could continue to live a rich lifestyle. Causes of the Revolution The Philosophers. The philosophers were brilliant men who wanted to reorganize the government and society on a basis of reason. They’re were some who thought that the English system of government was better while one man’s writings, Jean Jacques Rousseau, even influenced the writers of the United States Constitution. Louis XVI Becomes King. Louis XVI became king when he was after his grandfather Louis XV died. The young king meant well for his country, but was inexperienced, immature, and not very intelligent in his dealings with government.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Louis XVI came to the throne, there were some big problems in France, the main problem being money.

Family of Woodstock, Inc. Essay

The Family of Woodstock is more than a gate away for teens and young adults; it’s the exact opposite. As an interviewee for the upcoming position here at the organization, I would like to give you my full appreciation and knowledge or reasoning as to why I applied. When looking for which organization I should apply for after getting my degree in human service, I was leaning to helping those young people of our nation. After reading and learning what this organization has to offer for the young adolescents who are in need, as well as the young adult I felt that this is where I need to provide my skills. Here is a little bit of what amazed me and what I appreciated the most about this organization. Preparing an organization is hard, understanding the needs of others, and what they possess is more difficult unless one has a heart for it. The Family of Woodstock organization began when the founders found several factors that led them to create such an inspirational organization. From learning and understanding exactly why young teens and adults decide to escape from the confines of their world. Once the problem is recognized, there were reasons to plan an organization that would help provide such needs and materials. Some of the issues they go through such as sleeping in parking lots, hitchhiking, seeking out food, as well as clothing. This led the founders to provide materials and ensure that the rights to these materials. The organization specializes in meeting the needs of the communities around them who may be in need. Looking back through the history of Family of Woodstock, one can see the multiple areas where this organization has offered services for over forty years. Since 1970, there have been a twenty-four-hour hotline setup clients to call in and get immediate support. We can see the changes that have been going on within this organization. Helping those seek help with drug and substance abuse issues, as well as trying to seek funding from the county drug commission. Medical services start to become established, as well as the free store. The Family of Woodstock has offered services each year to the main issues that are an ongoing struggle faced by the individuals in the communities close to them. The main issues they help with are emergency housing, domestic violence victims, helping teen runaways, and the homeless. There are walk-in facilities that the Family of Woodstock does  meet the immediate needs of Ulster County. When Family of Woodstock began their beliefs and values started with helping the young people who were coming to the little town of Woodstock. However, many people did not feel that it was their problem or necessity to help those because they believed it was not Woodstock’s responsibility. Nevertheless, as more and more volunteers started helping, Family of Woodstock started to come together. The volunteers are what made Family of Woodstock as successful as they are today. The main volunteer group was called the Soft Landing Machine, which helped those who were substance abusers. They spent time with those who were drug users, as well as talk with them and visit. As of today, the volunteers and employees are what make Family of Woodstock, along with the diverse backgrounds, experience, and interests, but one thing they share are common values. The Family of Woodstock has branched into different directions but has primarily stayed on the same path it was founded on. That path is helping and providing those in need with the easiest ways to get the proper assistance needed to solve their problems without doing it for them. Families of Woodstock’s doors are always open to anyone who is in need without being judged. The organization has opportunities for staffers and volunteers who are trained to help troubled individuals feel welcomed and feel comfortable. The way Family of Woodstock has developed over the last forty years comes down to them working harder than ever by providing the services that are needed without too much change. Helping others within their community and see the difference that they are making and the opportunities for others to join the Family, so they can help support others as well. All human services organizations go through some changes, but as they go through these changes, the organizations will see what works better for them as times and society have change. As long as they keep going with their founding motto and the straight path of helping those in need there is nothing wrong with a little change to improve services. Human services professionals share a common goals and values when wanting to help improve one’s life, rather than the economic well-being of an individual and the families that they serve. While most human services programs serve different clients and offer different services, most clients have many issues and needs that require them to seek out several different services. However, as human services develop programs to help service the clients, we must  remember that there should be several other services looked at for their treatments. When specializing in human services delivery we need to be aware of what major issues are causing the suffering in today’s society and what are the minor issues. This goes to say that specialization of any human service delivers has become a trend throughout the profession. The reason is because as professionals they understand what issues families and individuals go through because of their experiences or knowledge. In conclusion, Family of Woodstock has helped many human services organizations become specialized in helping. With the knowledge and understanding, as well as the importance of helping others, Family of Woodstock has become an organization that has lasted for over forty years based on what is important to them. Their values have not changed over the years, but they have expanded their knowledge of how to help those who are in need. The Family of Woodstock has continued to grow and evolve so they can reach as many of those who are suffering alone. References Burger, W. R. (2011). Human services in contemporary America (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Gibbons, A. (2010). Family of Woodstock turns 40. Retrieved from http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20100808/family-of-woodstock-turns-40

Elements of Plot Essay Example

Elements of Plot Essay Example Elements of Plot Essay Elements of Plot Essay Elements of Plot Setting- The setting was in San Francisco somewhere around 1997. This is modern day life with normal laws and rules. Conflict- The conflict in the short story is man vs. man. Paw-Paw had a conflict with the main character due the grandmother bias to Ian and how the grandmother took everything from her. Plot- 1 Her Paw-Paw coming home and walking really slow. 2 Her Paw-Paw ignored her and was bias to her brother Ian. 3 The girl wanted her Paw-Paw to fix her bow and freaked out because the bow was used on her feet in China. 4 The girl walked in the bathroom on her Paw-Paw and her bare feet which made Paw-Paw insecure. 5 During a bedtime story for Ian the truth came out about Paw-Paw because of a book. Character- the Protagonist was the daughter and the antagonist was the Grandmother. The mother basically did anything her mom told her because of what her mom did for her in the past. The father just tried to make the Paw-Paw do little work and feel comfortable. Ian got everything from his grandmother because in China, men are seen as better than women. Theme â€Å" The theme of this short story was how different people see things differently because of their past. The daughter saw the ribbons as fun and festive because she uses them for dance class. But Paw-Paw saw the ribbons as sinful and full of pain because of what her parents did to her in China. Point Of View- The point of view was 1st person. The girl talked about how she saw the way the grandma was acting and what she was missing because of Paw-Paws visit.

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828

The Tariff of Abominations of 1828 The Tariff of Abominations was the name outraged southerners gave to a tariff passed in 1828. Residents of the  South believed the tax on imports was excessive and unfairly targeted their region of the country. The tariff, which became law in the spring of 1828, set very high duties on goods imported into the United State. And by doing so it did create major economic problems for the South.  As the South was not a manufacturing center, it had to either import finished goods from Europe (primarily Britain) or buy goods made in the North. Adding insult to injury, the law had obviously been devised to protect manufacturers in the Northeast. With a protective tariff essentially creating artificially high prices, the consumers in the South found themselves at a severe disadvantage when buying products from either Northern or foreign manufacturers. The 1828 tariff created a further problem for the South, as it reduced business with England. And that, in turn, made it more difficult for the English to afford cotton grown in the American South. Intense feeling about the Tariff of Abominations prompted John C. Calhoun to anonymously write essays setting forth his theory of nullification, in which  he forcefully advocated that states could ignore federal laws. Calhouns protest against the federal government eventually led to the Nullification Crisis. Background of the 1828 Tariff The Tariff of 1828 was one of a series of protective tariffs passed in America. After the War of 1812, when English manufacturers began to flood the American market with cheap goods that undercut and threatened new American industry, the U.S. Congress responded by setting a tariff in 1816. Another tariff was passed in 1824. Those tariffs were designed to be protective, meaning they were intended to drive up the price of imported goods and thereby protect American factories from British competition. And they became unpopular in some quarters because the tariffs were always promoted originally as being temporary measures. Yet, as new industries emerged, new tariffs always seemed necessary to protect them from foreign competition. The 1828 tariff actually came into being as part of a complicated political strategy designed to cause problems for President John Quincy Adams. Supporters of Andrew Jackson hated Adams following his election in the Corrupt Bargain election of 1824. The Jackson people drew up legislation with very high tariffs on imports necessary to both the North and South, on the assumption that the bill would not pass. And the president, it was assumed, would be blamed for the failure to pass the tariff bill. And that would cost him among his supporters in the Northeast. The strategy backfired when the tariff bill passed in Congress on May 11, 1828. President John Quincy Adams signed it into law. Adams believed the tariff was a good idea and signed it though he realized it could hurt him politically in the upcoming election of 1828. The new tariff imposed high import duties on iron, molasses, distilled spirits, flax, and various finished goods. The law was instantly unpopular, with people in different regions disliking parts of it, but the opposition was greatest in the South. John C. Calhouns Opposition to the Tariff of Abominations The intense southern opposition to the 1828 tariff was led by John C. Calhoun, a dominating political figure from South Carolina. Calhoun had grown up on the frontier of the late 1700s, yet he had been educated at Yale College in Connecticut and also received legal training in New England. In national politics, Calhoun had emerged, by the mid-1820s, as an eloquent and dedicated advocate for the South (and also for the institution of slavery, upon which the economy of the South depended). Calhouns plans to run for president had been thwarted by lack of support in 1824, and he wound up running for vice president with John Quincy Adams. So in 1828, Calhoun was actually the vice president of the man who signed the hated tariff into law. Calhoun Published a Strong Protest Against the Tariff In late 1828 Calhoun wrote an essay titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest, which was anonymously published. In his essay Calhoun criticized the concept of a protective tariff, arguing that tariffs should only be used to raise revenue, not to artificially boost business in certain regions of the nation. And Calhoun called South Carolinians serfs of the system, detailing how they were forced to pay higher prices for necessities. Calhouns essay was presented to the state legislature of South Carolina on December 19, 1828. Despite public outrage over the tariff, and Calhouns forceful denunciation of it, the state legislature took no action over the tariff. Calhouns authorship of the essay was kept secret, though he made his view public during the Nullification Crisis, which erupted when the issue of tariffs rose to prominence in the early 1830s. The Significance of the Tariff of Abominations The Tariff of Abominations did not lead to any extreme action (such as secession) by the state of South Carolina. The 1828 tariff greatly increased resentment toward the North, a feeling which persisted for decades and helped to lead the nation toward the Civil War.

Packet Switching vs. Circuit Switching Assignment

Packet Switching vs. Circuit Switching - Assignment Example Packet switches finds it application mostly in the exchange conducted through the computer or other modern digital devices that make use of bits and packets of data. P.S.T.N enabled transmission is an example of circuit switch technology while VOIP and IP network is an example of Packet switched network(Rahman, Ellis, & Pursell, 2003). The major difference between the two is in the manner in which the information is sent. Circuit switched network has a pre defined and dedicated path for signal transmission. This dedicated transmission takes place in multiple phases starting with establishing of the call, followed by the transfer and finally the termination of link at the end of the call. While packet switch deals with node to node and does not work on the basis of pre allocated path for traffic transmission. Circuit switching relies mostly on T.D.M or F.D.M or at best on C.D.M for channel transmission, while Packet switch uses dynamic I.P network which is far more effective and can accommodate more options compared to its predecessor. Chances of contention are relatively higher in case of circuit switching mode. Routing processes in Packet switching are more concrete and hop to hop basis routing is performed which makes it easy for overall packet transmission and packets are exchanged and extended in form of store and forward mechanism(Kurose, 2005). Line efficiency of packet switched system is far better than the predecessor. In case of traffic congestion, the prioritization process can be adopted this makes the network working unlike circuit switch which is highly prone to congestion and saturation. Packets are handled either through the virtual circuits or through the data gram. Amongst these two, datagram is more flexible. Though relatively slow and limited in options, circuit switches are considered more reliable than the packet switch as the overall transmission is handled from

The Blue Kite by Tian Zhuangzhuang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Blue Kite by Tian Zhuangzhuang - Essay Example These significant historical events are used to tie together the overall dramatic expression of the time while showing the debates that were a part of Beijing in the 1950s. Shot – by – Shot Analysis The scene which shows the historical and dramatic features most is in the climax and end portion. This begins with the soldiers that are surrounding Tietou’s father. The scene begins with a close up shot of glasses being knocked onto the ground then leads into a symbol of the new army of China. This is surrounded by voices that are shouting for Tietou’s father to get up. A close shot then moves into Tietou’s father, who is passed out then immediately zooms out to show the soldiers, all as children, who are surrounding him. The camera stays in this same position with a girl who continues to hit the father combined with the soldiers pushing the father. The noise, quick zooms and subject matter shown combines to show the drama of the situation while combining the political upheaval of the situation within this one section. The change occurs with a close up zoom to the soldiers that are on one side with the statement to get a stretcher. The camera then goes back and forth between close ups of the soldiers and of the father who is still being beaten and pushed. The scene changes to a close up of Tietou’s mom who is outside by a tree. The scene changes by showing her walk into the building after hearing shouting from the street. The scene continues by a zoom out of an aisle with soldiers on each side and her walking in the middle. A close up is shown of her pushing to tell the soldiers to stop because of his heart failure. The shouting at this point stops to listen to her; however, it quickly changes when a political statement is made about counter – revolutionary. This again heightens the tension of the scene, specifically with the political term used and the movement from the close up of his wife to the soldiers surrounding the area. The scene then changes to show the soldiers carrying his father down the steps in a stretcher and each soldier pushing the other. The drama heightens when the soldiers move to the streets and begin s houting â€Å"Down with Wu Leishing.† A close up is shown of the man who is now unconscious then moves into the soldiers shouting. The wife is shown as being pushed by the soldiers, then is followed by Tietou coming in and pushing toward his father then his mother. The camera stays with a mid – zoom to show the boy running into the soldiers; however, it doesn’t show the heads of the soldiers. The perspective is one of the little boy as he runs to find his parents. The pushing moves to a close up shot of the boy being pushed and of close ups of his mother trying to meet him. This is combined with the yelling with â€Å"mom† being heard over the other shots and with the mom’s expression going to her son as she is slapped by the soldiers. Music starts at this point to highlight the drama of the mother and son being torn apart by the soldiers. As the music continues, the soldiers state to beat him to death, throw him on the ground and leave. A close up shot is shown of Tietou glancing up to get his mother, than going to find a piece of wood and to run after the soldiers. The music continues in the back with close up angles. The highlight of this part is